हिरण्यस्तूप आङ्गिरसः । इन्द्र । त्रिष्टुप् ।
On mantra 1:
ॐ इन्द्रस्य नुवीर्याणि प्रवोचं यानि चकार प्रथमानि वज्री …….
ऋग्भाष्य –
इन्द्रस्यवा वासुदेवस्य वीर्याण्याचक्षेऽहम् यानि मुखानि चक्रे । अहिंदैत्यं संशयं वा जघान जलानुसारेण चखान मार्गम् ॥२१०॥ ततर्द विघ्नान्कर्मणां वानुसाराद्वहनात्पक्षावक्षणा दुर्वचांसि । जीवानां चेद्वक्षणा जन्मपर्वतां बिभेदैव सुयुक्तिभिस्ताः ॥२११॥
" I narrate the important deeds of indra or shrI vAsudeva. Indra killed the demon called ahi. shrI vAsudeva dispelled doubts of the devotees (by bestowing knowledge); indra opened the waters courses. shrI vAsudeva removed the obstacles (in the acquisition of knowledge by devotees), indra cut the wings of the mountains, shriI vAsudeva dispelled bad teachings called parvas (due to their being knotted) with birth of souls with right utterances. "
On mantra 2:
ॐ अहन्नहिं पर्वते शिश्रियाणं त्वष्टास्मै वज्रं स्वर्यं ततक्ष .....
ऋग्भाष्य -
त्वष्टा त्वेजज्ज्ञानवज्रं विरिञ्चस्ततक्षै तद्विषयं त्विडात्मा । स्बर्यं वज्रं निशितं शब्दजां वा शिशुवत्सागाव इवैतदीरिताः । अञ्जः समुद्रं जग्मुरापः क्रियावा समुद्रिक्तं दवमेनं व्रजन्ति ॥२१२॥
" The brilliant brahmA creted jJNAna called vajra for devotees; (In the case of abhimANi devatA indra) this vajrAyudha is the one by which ahi was killed. svaryaM (an adjective) means well sharpened vajrAyudha as well as vedic knowledge bestowed by brahmA. Water flowed without any obstruction towards the ocean like cows with milk – laden utters hastening towards their young calves or deeds prompted by Him were directed towards Him wthout any hindrance. "
On mantra 3:
ॐ वृषायमाणोऽवृणीत सोमं त्रिकद्रुकेष्वपिबत्सुतस्य ……
ऋग्भाष्य -
वव्रे सोमं तृषितो यद्वदेव वृषापिबत्सवनेषु त्रिषुस्म । सवनानां कद्रुकत्वं द्रुतं यत्कमत्रसोमो ध्यानयोगे मनोवा । सायङ्करं लयकृज्ज्ञानमेव समाददे संशयमीशवद्वा ॥२१३॥
" Like a thirsty bull drinking water, indra drank the soma juice at the three svanas. drutaM means attained, ka is bliss, so kadrukas are savanas where bliss is attained; the meditating mind is soma and it is being tamed by bhakti and jJNAna abiding in the head, heart and mouth; also body, senses and heart; and eyes throat and heart are the three centres of the mind. (indra) held the vajrAyudha, destroyed the demons, imparted jJNAna, dispelled ignorance from the minds of the devotees; indra behaved like shRi hari in showering desires upon devotees. "
On mantra 4:
ॐ यदिन्द्राहन्प्रथमाजामहीनामान्मायिनाममिनाः प्रोतमायाः …..
ऋग्भाष्य -
अहन्नेनं प्रथमं मायिनां च व्यनाशयो व्याजरूपाश्च मायाः । ततः सूर्यद्युदिनादेश्च कर्ता त्वमेव तावद् बलतो न शत्रुम् । लभसे मायावादिनां वाथ माया व्यनाशयस्तैः स्वजनैस्तज्जयेन ॥२१४॥
" (O indra!) By killing ahi foremost among demons, you have also destroyed the clandestine and deceitful tricks of other wicked demons. The activities of the sun and moon were interfered with by ahi for which you killed him. For that reason too you are the creator of the sun, heaven and day. You never encountered an enemy equal in power. Since you have dispelled doubts (the chief opponent of jJNAna) in Your devotees, so you have expunged the mAyAvAdins conquering them with the virtuous who have freed themselves from the crooked arguments and doubts of the opponents. "
Note – saMshayAtmA vinashyati nAyaM loko.asti na paro na sukhaM saMshayAtmanaH (bhagavadgItA 4.40)
On mantra 5:
ॐ अहन्वृत्रं वृत्रतरं व्यंसमिन्द्रो वज्रेण महता वधेन ….
ऋग्भाष्य -
अहन्वृत्रं व्यंसमतोऽधिकं च तमो मिथ्या प्रत्ययौ व्यंसनाद्वा । स्कन्धास्तरोर्यद्वदथो विवृक्णा अहिश्च वज्रेण कुलस्य शङ्कृतेः । विद्यानाम्ना कुलिशो बुद्धिरेव पृथिव्याख्या संशयस्तद्गतो यत् ॥२१५॥ अतः पृथिव्या उपपृक् ॥
" (indra with vajrAyudha) killed vR^itra and vR^itratara who was worse than vR^itra by striking so as to cut his head from his shoulders. (In the adhyAtmic sense) shrI hari dispelled ignorance (vR^itra) and mithyAjJNAna (vR^itratara) by imparting jJNAna. Struck by the vajrAyudha, the three demons ahi, vR^itra and vR^itratara fell on the ground like the trunk of a tree split asunder. (in the adhyAtmic sense) kulisha is knowledge which brings bliss to the spiritual community. Buddhi is known as pR^ithivi and since doubt originates in buddhi it (doubt) is called pR^ithivyA upapR^ik.
Note – The word ahi in the R^ik is upalaxaNaM, that is it also implies the other two demons vR^itra and vR^itratara (R^igbhAshhya – TikA, mantrArthamaJNjari…)
अहिः इत्युपलक्षणम् – अहिवृत्रवृत्रतराः ।
On mantra 6:
ॐ अयोद्धेव दुर्मद आ हि जुह्वे महावीरं तुविबाधमृजीषम् ….
ऋग्भाष्य -
यस्य योद्धा नायोद्धासौ तद्वदेवेन्द्रशत्रुः । दर्पोद्रिक्तो ह्याह्वयामास शक्रं विष्णुं वाऽज्ञानं वीरतमं रिपूणाम् ॥२१६॥ महोच्चानां बाधकं दार्ढ्यहेतोर्ऋजीषाख्यं नास्य विष्णोर्वधानाम् । संप्राप्तिमज्ञानमथापि वृत्रः शक्रस्यातारीत्संपिपिषे प्रजाश्च ॥२१७॥ रुजायुक्ता मानुषीर्वा सृतिस्था इन्द्रः शत्रुर्यस्य स हीन्द्रशत्रुः । पुंसोः पूर्वस्मिन्स्वरितान्ते समासो बहुव्रीहिर्हीति सूत्रं पुराणम् ॥२१८॥
" Like one having no combatants vR^itrAsura, whose foe is indra, full of arrogance challenged indra, his prime opponent, the oppressor of powerful foes and known as R^ijIshha due to His strength in battle. Or ignorance challenged Lord vishhNu. (Challenging) vR^itrAsura could not evade the blows of indra or ignorance could not confront Lord shrI vishhNu. vR^itra broken to pieces fell on the ground like a weak man afflicted with disease. Or ignorance afflicted those in saMsAra. Indrashatru is one having indra as his foe. Of the two masculine nouns forming a compound (samAsa), if the first one has a svarita accent at the end, then it is a bahuvrIhi – samAsa, so says an ancient sUtra. "
Note – The mahAvyAkaraNa states:
pUrvAntasvarite puMsorbahuvrIhitvameshhyati mahAvyAkaraNe sUtramiti svaravinirNaye (anuvyAkhyAna 1.1.167, uDupi edition). Also pANinisUtra 6.2.1:
bahuvrIhau prakR^ityA pUrvapadam
On mantra 7:
ॐ अपादहस्तो अपृतन्यदिन्द्रमास्यवज्रमधि सानौ जघान ....
ऋग्भाष्य -
सञ्छिन्नपाद्बाहुरपीन्द्रमेव युयोधवज्रं व्यसृज्रत् स तस्य । गिरेः सानुप्रतिमे कण्ठदेशे तर्कागमाभ्याम रहितं तमो वा ॥२१९॥ संयुध्यमानं मानवज्रेण विष्णुर्जघान वध्रिर्वधयोग्योऽथ नीचः । ईशस्य शत्रुर्भवितुं स इच्छन्व्यस्तोऽशयद् बहुधेशेन तेन ॥२२०॥
" Even though his feet and hands were severed, when vR^itrAsura indeed fought with indra, then indra struck with the vajrAyudha on his neck which was like the peak of a mountain. (in adhyAtmic sense) ignorance devoidof tarka and scriptural support confronted Lord shrI vishhNu. shrI vishhNu dispelled ignorance with enlightenment resembling a vajrayudha. vR^itrAsura desired to be an opponent of shrI vishhNu who fulfills the desires of indra, so vR^itra became vadhriH – fit to be slain by Him or wicked ignorance known as vR^itra was rejected by Ishvara in many ways and at many places. "
Note – tarkAgamayorjJNAna mArga pravR^itti sAdanatvAt pAda hasta sAmyamiti bhAvaH R^igbhAshhyaTIkA – vivR^itti) tarka (flawless logic) and scriptures facilitate progress in the path of knowledge and so they resemble feet and hands. vadhriH is a synonym of the lowly by connotation.
On mantra 8:
ॐ नदं नभिन्नममुया शयानं मनो रुहाणा अति यन्त्यापः ….
ऋग्भाष्य -
अपां रोद्धारममुया स्वमात्रा सहैव शक्रेण हतं शयानम् । भिन्नं नदं यद्वदतीत्यचापो मनः पूर्वं चारुहाणः प्रयान्ति ॥२२१॥ वृत्रो याः पूर्वं स्वमहिम्ना परीत्य पुरा तिष्ठत्तत्सुतोऽहिश्च तासाम् । पत्सुतश्शीः पादतो नन्तरं तु शेता भवत्तद्वदेवाभिरुन्धन् । तमःपुत्रः संशयो वाभिरुन्धन् शुभान्यास्ते निहतः सोऽपि तेन ॥२२२॥
" The body of vR^ita who shut down the water sources and the body of his mother both killed by indra were lying like a river bank with beaches, water flowing over them faster than the mind flooded over. Earlier this water was prevented on all sides by vR^itra with his power with his son. Further his son prevented this water in a similar way lying at the feet of his father. vR^itra is ignorance. Its son is doubt that prevents prosperity and it is dispelled by shrI hari dwelling in the body of His devotees. "
On mantra 9:
ॐ नीचावया अभवद्वृत्रपुत्रेन्द्रो अस्या अववधर्जभार ….
ऋग्भाष्य -
नीचस्थाने बन्धनं यापि चापां करोति दानुरवृत्रमाता दनुः सा । वृत्रो ह्यभूद्दनुजः कश्यपाच्च पापात्माऽसौ वैष्णवस्त्वष्टृजातः । वृत्रः पुत्रोस्या इति सा वृत्रपुत्रा वधं तस्या अहरत्पूर्वमिन्द्रः । प्रकृतिर्वा वृत्रमाता तमो हि तस्या अभूत्तां जघाने शितावा । प्रातिस्विकी प्रकृतिर्यत्तमश्च दोषाश्चान्ये पुंस्वतो युक्तमेतत् ॥२२४॥ सुतावनार्थमुपरिस्था बभूव सुतस्य माता तां निहत्यामुमेव । जघानेन्द्रः कारणस्यापि नाशात्कार्योत्थानं वारयामास विष्णुः ॥२२५॥ स्यादेव पूर्वं कार्यनाशो ह्यथापि निःशेषनाशः कारणस्यैव नाशात् । एवं भक्ताननुजग्राह देवो नारायणः पारयन् संसृतेश्च ॥२२६॥ उत्तरत्वं प्रकृतेः शक्तितः स्यात् ॥
" dAnu, the mother of vR^itra obstructed the flow of water at a level lower than that of ahi. This wicked vR^itra is the son of dAnu and sage kashyapa. The other vR^itra is the son of tvashhTR^I and is a vaishhNava. She whose son is vR^itra is known as vR^itraputrA and indra killed her first (before killing vR^itra). (In the adhyAtmic sense) mUlaprakR^iti is the mother of ignorance (denoted by vR^itra) as ignorance is her(mUlaprakR^iti's) offspring. Lord shrI vishhNu freed the jIvas from prakR^iti. (If the jIvas are already free from mUlaprakR^iti, then why is their saMsAra for them?) This due to individual taints like ignorance persisiting till liberation. Mother dAnu was upon her son to protect him, so indra killed her first. (In adhyAtmic sense) shrI vishhNu first dispelled prakR^iti means shrI vishhNu by destroying the cause prevented the effect. Effect is prevented, yet it gets completely destroyed only after the cause is eliminated. Thus Lord nArAyaNa blessed His devotees by liberating them from saMsAra. Priority for prakR^iti is due to its power.
On mantra 10:
ॐ अतिष्ठन्तीनामनिवेशनानां काष्ठानां मध्ये निहितं शरीरम् ....
ऋग्भाष्य -
अनन्तत्वान्नैव तिष्ठन्ति काष्ठाः । अतस्तासां नगृहं किञ्चिदस्ति निण्यं सुखेनैव चरन्ति चापः । दीर्घं तमो वृत्रसंज्ञं तमोवा दीर्घमन्धं प्राप वृत्रः स एव ॥२२७॥
" As the directions are endless, they appear to be non – existent. Owing to the same reason they have no habitat. niNyaM means blissfulness, water started flowing smoothly (after all obstructions made by vR^itra are cleared). The most tamasic vR^itra fell and entered the eternal hell of darkness (andham). "
On mantra 11:
ॐ दासपत्नीरहिगोपा अतिष्ठन्निरुद्धा आपः पणिनेव गावः …..
ऋग्भाष्य -
दासस्य विष्णोर्वरुणस्य पत्न्यो निरुद्धा आसन्नहिना यद्वदेव । गावो बलेनेन्द्र यज्ञे सुक्लृप्ता वृत्रं हत्वा तमहिं चाशु शक्रः । उद्धाटयामास बिलं तदापां शुभद्वारं भगवान्वातमोघ्नन् ॥२२८॥
" The wives of varuNa (the rivers), a servant of Lord vishhNu, were obstructed by ahi and vR^itra, like cows protected and hidden by an asura called bala during the sacrifice of indra. Then indra killed vR^itra and ahi and opened the water outlets. (In adhyAtmic sense) shrI hari threw wide open the gates of theism, paths to virtuous deeds by dispelling ignorance, doubts and the like from the minds of the devotees. "
On mantra 13:
ॐ नास्मै विद्युन्नतन्यतुःसिषेध न यिंहमकिरद्ध्रादुनिंच ….
ऋग्भाष्य –
अशनिं याः विद्युतं यां मिहं च नाम्ना हेतिं वेद्युपमां सुतीक्ष्णाम् । अशनिभेदं ह्रादुनिनामधेयं त्वामुद्दिश्यैवाकिरत्सोऽहि रुग्रः । त्वां प्रत्येतन्नैव सिद्धिं चकार पश्चात्काले त्वजयस्त्वं तमेव ॥२३०॥
The vajrAyudha called tanyatu, the vidyutaM, the sharp mihan resembling a vedic altar, the hrAduni which is another type of vajrAyudha, were all thrown on You by the cruel asura ahi. These weapons thrown on you did not achieve their purpose. Further You conquered ahi later. "
On mantra 14:
ॐ अहेर्यातारं कमपश्यत इन्द्र हृदि यत्ते जघ्नुषोभीरगच्छत् ....
ऋग्भाष्य –
अहेर्योद्धारं कमपश्यत इन्द्र यज्जघ्नुषस्तेऽपि भयं जगाम । ज्ञानानि मिथ्या बोधतोस्मन्मनश्च शब्दादिकादमुचः सप्तसिन्धून् ॥२३१॥ महत्तत्त्वादीन्विपरीता मतिस्तु विद्युच्छब्दाः स्तन्यतुर्वक्तृशक्तिः । मिहेत्युक्ता ह्रादुनिर्हुङ्कृतिश्च प्रतिवक्तॄणामनुकूले रमेशे ॥२३२॥ नसाधयन्तिस्म तमस्समुत्था जयत्येन संशयं वासुदेवः । स्वभक्तार्थे तद्धृदिस्थः क एव त्वदन्योऽहेरभगन्ता भवेत । तवैव यस्मात्संशयं जघ्नुषस्तु त्वदीयानां भयमञ्जो व्यपैति ॥२३३॥ शतमेकोनमतरस्त्वं नदीनामहिं दैत्यं घ्नन्यथाकाशदेशात् । भीतः श्येनोह्यति गच्छेत्तथैव नानानदीवरारकत्वात्तु तस्य ॥२३४॥ ईशो देवानां तावतां तावतीश्च सृत्यापगास्तारयामास यद्वत् । भीतः श्येनस्तरतीत्थं तथैषां कृत्वोपमां तारयामास देवः । स्वातन्त्र्ये भेदकरणे चोक्त एव व्यत्यास इत्यनवद्यं तदेतत् ॥२३५॥ वस्वादित्या मरुतश्चाश्विनौ च बृहस्पतिः शषविपानिरुद्धाः । ब्रह्मा ब्रह्माण ऋभवश्चैव रुद्रा ऊनं शतं देवतासंहितोक्तम् ।२३६॥
" Did you see anyone else as the combatant of ahi? You have dispelled mithyAjJNAna from the minds of the devotees. You have drawn our minds from sensual objects. You have prompted our chittam (mind), ahaN^kara (egotism) and the five senses on the righteous path. Vidyut is perverted knowledge of the opponent. tanyutaH are fallacious arguments of the opponent opposed to valid knowledge. Miha is the power of speech accrued over several past births. hrAduni is the sound of disgust. Fallacious arguments born out of ignorance will not effect the devotees only if they have the grace of shrI hari, who is Lord of brahmA and others. Lord vAsudeva dispels doubts. shrI vishhNu abiding in the heart of His devotees dispels doubts so as to enable them to get liberation. Who else could dispel doubts denoted by the word ahi? Since yourself dispel doubts, apprehension in the hearts of Your devotees gets totally cleared. O indra! Like a frightened eagle, you negotiated with the ninety – nine river deities to kill ahi who obstructed the rivers. You enabled the ninety – nine principle gods moving like a frightened eagle to cross saMsAra. (ataraH is construed as a casual atArayaH) This change is unquestionable since it is ordained in the sUtra:
svAtantraye BhedakaraNe … in independence or difference. The eight vasus, the eleven Adityas (not counting vAmana), the fifty maruts (including mukhya - prANa), the two ashvins, bRHaspati, sheshhanaga, garuDa, aniruddha, brahmA, the nine prajApatis, the three R^ibhus and the eleven rudras are the ninety – nine gods, so says the text named saMhitA. "
On mantra 15:
ॐ इन्द्रो यातोऽवसितस्य राजा शमस्यच शृङ्गिणो वज्रबाहुः ….
ऋग्भाष्य –
स एवेन्द्रो भगवांस्तत्प्रसादात्प्राप्तो भक्तैः पर्यवसानगन्तुः । मुक्तस्य राजापि शमस्य मुक्तज्ञानं शृङ्गं तद्वतश्चैव नित्यम् । स एव राजा क्षयति प्रजानां भूतान्यराणीव च पर्यभूत्सः ॥
" bhagavAn indra (vishhNu) and of the said qualities, is to be known by His devotees only through His grace. He is not revealed to those who have no devotion. He is the Lord of the liberated; of bliss as well as liberation. He is ever the Lord of all jJNAnins. He is the Lord of the conditioned souls as well. Like spokes of a wheel, He attracts all. "
Note – xayati is a synonym of Lordship (nirukta).
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If God brings you to it, He will bring you through it.
Happy moments, praise God.
Difficult moments, seek God.
Quiet moments, worship God.
Painful moments, trust God.
Every moment, thank God
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