Friday, January 17, 2020

Tatastha and Svarupa Lakshana of Brahman in one line: Shiva Puranam

Tatastha and Svarupa Lakshana of Brahman in one line:  Shiva Puranam 

Here is a unique statement of both the Tatastha and Svarupa Lakshana-s of Brahman in just half a shloka.  This occurs, along with a number of interesting ideas, in the Shiva Puranam on the occasion of Bāṇāsura vadha episode.  Krishna, in a stuti of Shiva, says:

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच ।।
देवदेव महादेव शरणागतवत्सल ।।
नमामि त्वाऽनंतशक्तिं सर्वात्मानं परेश्वरम् ।। ४३ ।।
विश्वोत्पत्तिस्थाननाशहेतुं सज्ज्ञप्तिमात्रकम् ।।
ब्रह्मलिंगं परं शांतं केवलं परमेश्वरम् ।। ४४ ।।  

In that underlined half-verse, Brahman (Shiva) is stated to be the Jagatkaaranam (taTastha lakshanam) and Sat, Jnaanam (Svarupa lakshanam).  This latter epithet is very interesting in that while commenting on the Satyam Jnaanam Anantam Brahma of Taittiriya Upanishad, Shankara, for Jnanam says: It is Pure Consciousness, Jnapti, and not a mere transformation of the buddhi  ज्ञानं ब्रह्मेति । ज्ञानं ज्ञप्तिः अवबोधः.  Brahman's svarupam is Kevala ChinmAtram and not knowledge of any object. For this Shankara uses the word 'Jnapti' which is what is used in the above Shiva Puranam verse. 
We are delighted to see this expression, after having experienced a similar one in the Srimad Bhagavatam: upalabdhi-mAtram.  This term also means Jnapti alone.  We have the Amara Kosha and Mahabharata giving the synonyms: 
बुद्धिर्मनीषा धिषणा धीः प्रज्ञा शेमुषी मतिः। प्रेक्षोपलब्धिश्चित्संवित्प्रतिपत्ज्ञप्तिचेतना॥    Both the terms Upalabdhi and Jnapti are there in this collection. 

Thus, we find the foremost Vedantin, Veda Vyasa, giving the Brahma Lakshanam in the consistent form in the Purana-s.  Vedantins alone will be able to grasp this as they alone rise above petty considerations of theistic schools for whom all of Veda Vyasa's works are not acceptable; some are rejectable as poison. 
Another noteworthy feature above is the term 'ब्रह्मलिंगम्'.  We have the famous 'Pandurangashtakam' of Shankara: परब्रह्मलिङ्गं भजे पाण्डुरङ्गम्   http://stotram.lalitaalaalitah.com/t/panduranga  
The word 'kevalam' in the Puranic verse is also noteworthy for it means: Advaitam.  Shankara has cited the Shiva Puranam in the VSN Bhashya: ShivaH Parama KaaraNam.  Other ancient Advaitins too have cited from this Puranam. 
Om Tat Sat

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